Social risk management strategies and health risk exposure: insights and evidence from Ghana and Malawi
In: Social Protection in Health, 2
1. Introduction 1. - 1.1. Context & relevance 1. - 1.2. Research questions 7. - 1.3. Methods 8. - 1.4. Structure of the study 9. - 2. Risk and risk structure 11. - 2.1. Risk characteristics and vulnerability to risks 12. - 2.2. Sources of risk 19. - 2.3. Health risks and exposure to health risks 21. - 2.4. The dual economic burden of health risks 27. - 3. Social risk management 32. - 3.1. The social risk management framework 32. - 3.2. Criticism and recent developments of the SRM framework 37. - 3.3. Adaptation of the social risk management framework 42. - 3.4. Social risk management strategies in the adaptation of the SRM framework 48. - 4. Risks and social risk management in Sub-Saharan Africa 62. - 4.1. Introduction to country focus on Ghana and Malawi 62. - 4.2. Risks, risk exposure and vulnerability in Sub-Saharan Africa 65. - 4.3. Social risk management in Sub-Saharan Africa 72. - 5. Methods 123. - 5.1. Background of the study 123. - 5.2. Household survey 124. - 5.3. Statistical methods used in analysis 130. - 6. Analytical framework and hypotheses 134. - 6.1. Analytical framework and structure of analysis 134. - 6.2. Hypotheses 137. - 6.3. Operationalization of variables 140. - 7. Analysis 150. - 7.1. Descriptive analysis 150. - 7.2. Household exposure to general risks 155. - 7.3. Exposure of individuals and households to high health risks and high health care costs 168. - 7.4. Application of social (health) risk management strategies 194. - 7.5. Health insurance as SRM strategy and demand for health insurance 240